立法能力的內涵、構成與提升

立法能力是國家治理能力的重要組成部分，是立法者在立法過程中完成立法目的、滿足立法需求所體現出來的本領和能量，表現為立法的生產力。立法兼具政治性與法律性、專業性與綜合性、理論性與實踐性，需要綜合性的立法能力作為支撐。立法能力涵括認知能力、決策能力、起草能力、協調能力、論證能力、審議能力、解釋能力。立法能力問題需要置於宏觀的憲法體制中加以考察。提升立法者的立法能力是一項系統工程，面對中國的問題，立法者立法能力的提升，有賴於對影響立法能力的制度、體制、機制等進行整體改進與完善。

Legislative capacity is an important part of national governance capacity, the ability and influence of legislators to complete the legislative purpose and meet the legislative needs in the legislative process, and represents the productivity of legislation. The legislation is both political and legal, professional and comprehensive, theoretical and practical, etc. , and thus require comprehensive legislative capabilities a supporting framework. Legislative capacity comprises different capabilities, including cognitive, decision-making, drafting, coordination, demonstration, deliberation, and interpretation capability. Meanwhile, legislative capacity needs to be reviewed in specific macro constitutional regimes. Improving the legislative capacities is systematic engineering; it must be positioned to deal with the Chinese questions and depends on the overall promoting and optimizing of the institutions, regimes, and mechanisms that influence legislative capacity.