重複起訴認定標準之重構

司法實踐中的另案起訴與前訴通常會在訴的要素方面存在形式上的差異，《民訴法解釋》第247條對重複起訴的認定標準採“三同說”，如果堅持形式審查很可能導致禁止重複起訴制度形同虛設，如果允許法院對“同一性”進行實質性認定，又可能導致法律適用不統一以及民事訴訟基本概念的理解混亂。有必要重構我國重複起訴認定標準，以訴訟標的同一構成重複起訴為一般性規則，綜合當事人、基礎事實、訴訟請求要素，針對另案起訴的常見情形制定四條例外性規則，允許法院進行實質性審查判斷，通過指導性判例統一法律適用尺度。

In judicial practice, there is usually a formal difference in the elements of the lawsuit between a new lawsuit and a previous lawsuit. Article 247 of the ''Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law'' adopts the same three elements theory as the standard for determining repeated lawsuits. The rule of prohibiting repeated lawsuits will probably become meaningless if the court adheres to formal review, and it may lead to inconsistent application of the law and confusion of the basic concepts of civil procedure if the court is allowed to substantively determine ''identity'' between the new lawsuit and previous lawsuit. It is necessary, therefore, to reconstruct China’s legal rules for determining repeated lawsuits, taking ''the same subject matter of litigation regarding as the same lawsuit'' as a general rule, integrating the elements of the parties, fundamental facts, and specific request, formulating four external rules for the special circumstances of new lawsuit, allowing the court to conduct substantive review, and unifying the standards of law application through authoritative precedents.