保護道歉規則在醫療糾紛中的確立與運用

醫療道歉的法律性質屬於證據。由於其主張的是對己方當事人不利的事實，因此構成訴訟外自認或者訴訟自認。保護道歉規則的目的在於揭露醫療錯誤以保護患者的健康權，其對醫療糾紛預防和處理制度、侵權法和民法總則的有效實施都具有促進功能，可能減損的法益少於其必然增加的法益，且有助於修復和維持正常的醫患關係，因此是可欲的。在保護範圍上，存在部分道歉和全部道歉的區別。在模式上，存在證據規則型概括保護模式、意思通知型具體保護模式和意思表示型個案保護模式。我國應當確立針對全部道歉的意思通知型保護道歉規則，將訴訟外醫療道歉納入保護範圍。

The legal nature of physician’s apology is a kind of evidence. Since it acknowledges adverse facts, it should be deemed as an out-of-court admission or a self-admission. The purpose of developing rules on apology in medical law is to protect patient’s right to health through disclosure of medical error. This law can effectively promote the implementation of regulation on the prevention and handling of medical disputes, tort law and general provisions of the civil law. In addition, the legal interest it protects is far more than that it might decrease. Furthermore, physician’s apology can contribute to maintaining and restoring normal doctor-patient relationship. As a result, it is desirable. It can be divided into partial apology and full apology by the scope of protection. And there are three legislative models: general protection model as a rule of evidence, specific protection model as a notification of intension, and single-case protection model as declaration of will. It is better to choose the second one to protect the physician’s apology out of the judicial proceedings.