國際法上的非政府組織：理論反思與重構

國際非政府組織是全球治理的重要參與者，對國際法的制定、解釋和實施發揮著重要影響。傳統國際法視角下，非政府組織作為“全球市民社會”的重要組成部分，能夠增強國際法的民主正當性。通過對國際非政府組織“體制化”現象的考察，傳統國際法視角下對非政府組織的認識存在局限，非政府組織的發展和擴散受新自由主義意識形態的影響，與國際社會的權力分配密切關聯。與非政府組織有關的國際法規範的生成深受國際權力關係的影響，非政府組織和國際法之間存在互為表裡的共生關係。對非政府組織的國際法批判性考察，有助於突破傳統國際法視角的局限，重構國際法對於非政府組織的理論認識。

International Nongovernmental Organizations(INGOs)are actors in global governance, and have been playing increasingly important roles in the making, interpretation and enforcement of international law. From the perspective of traditional international law, INGOs as a major component of Global Civil Society, could strengthen the democratic legitimacy of international law. Nevertheless, by digging into the NGOization phenomenon which permeates the INGOs sector, it is suggested that the traditional perception has its limitations. The development and proliferation of NGOs result largely from the triumph of the neo-liberal ideology and are deeply entangled with contemporary international power distribution. The pro-NGO norms in international law are profoundly shaped by global power structure and by this way, between international law and INGOs, there has developed a symbiotic relationship. It is proposed that a theoretical reconstruction is needed to counter the perils of traditional view of INGOs in international law, for which the international critical legal study provides the suitable analytical tool.