事中事後監管改革：理論、實踐及反思

構建事中事後監管機制成為當前中國行政審批改革的一項緊迫議程，事中事後監管在實踐中涵蓋了信用風險分類監管、大資料監管等諸多工具類型。事中事後監管反映了數位資訊時代下，行政執法手段與行政活動方式的轉型，並且在執法成本、規制效能等方面體現出諸多潛在優勢。但由於許可評價程式的相對失效，使得事前許可與事中事後監管之間缺乏常規化銜接機制。與此同時，基層監管資源匱乏、非標準化市場結構、條塊與部門利益分割等諸多限制因素，也制約了事中事後監管的實際效能。中國行政規制改革應當積極破解事中事後監管的拘束因素，客觀評價事中事後監管與事前許可機制之間的優劣，並實現“非經濟目標”與市場效率之間的價值平衡。

Against the background of administrative licensing reform oriented by de-regulation, it is an urgent agenda to establish interim and ex post regulation for China s administrative regulation reform. In practice, credit risk classification regulation, big data regulation and many other types of regulatory tools are included in Interim and ex post Regulation mechanism. The transition of ex ante licensing to interim and ex post Regulation, reflects the transformation of administrative enforcement methods and administrative activities in the digital information era. Interim and ex post regulation also reflects many potential advantages in terms of law enforcement costs and regulatory efficiency. However, due to the failure of the licensing evaluation process, there is a lack of conventional linkage mechanism between ex ante licensing and interim and ex post regulation. At the same time, there are many constraining factors such as limited regulatory resources, non-standardized market structure, and fragmentation of agency interests, which also restrict the actual effectiveness of interim and ex post regulation. China s administrative regulation reform should actively deal with those constraining factors, objectively evaluate the comparative advantages between interim and ex post regulation and ex-ante licensing, and achieve the balance between non-economic values and market efficiency.