避風港原則的刑法教義學理論建構

我國網路服務提供者的刑法責任存在著結構性失衡問題，這不僅在法理上衝擊著法秩序統一原理，在實踐中也可能給互聯網資訊產業的健康發展蒙上陰影。比較研究美國和德國的情況可以發現，形成並發展於民事領域的避風港原則也應當在刑事領域得到轉換適用。在我國《刑法》明確擴張網路服務提供者刑法責任的背景下，首先應當以避風港原則為基本依據，建立起網路服務提供者前刑法評價與刑法評價的位階關係。在此基礎上，應進一步將避風港原則的免責規則及其程式構造作為一般性的教義學知識資源引入犯罪論體系，妥善安排其體系性定位，結合具體罪名的構成要件從客觀與主觀、宏觀與微觀兩個層面限縮網路服務提供者的刑事責任。

There exists the structural problem for the criminal liability of Internet service provider in China, which not only impacts the principle of ''unity of legal orders'', but also may cast shadow over the healthy development of the information industry. A comparative study of the United States and Germany reveals that the safe harbor principle, which was formed and developed in civil law, should also be applied in the field of criminal law. In view of the fact, the criminal liability of ISP was explicitly expanded in Chinese Penal Code and we should firstly construct a two-staged process of ''pre-criminal law evaluation' 'and criminal law evaluation for the ISP. On this basis, we should further integrate the basic rules of safe harbor principle into the criminal law theory system, limiting the liability of ISP in both objective and subjective aspects of the crime s components.