資料流程通理論

資料的價值在於認知世界，大資料和人工智慧改變了獲取和分析資料的手段，使人類有了新的知識和智慧供給方式。各資料控制者掌握的碎片化的資料只有不斷流動、彙聚、結合用於各種目的的資料分析，才能實現其價值，滿足智慧分析需求。資料流程通實現了資料社會化利用，形成資料經濟的內核。資料流程通本質上是資料使用許可，涵蓋一對一許可、一對眾許可和相互許可三種方式，三種許可全面構築了資料社會化利用的模式。個人資料和非個人資料均具有可流通性，關鍵在於法律上認可資料控制者具有許可使用的法律能力。在沒有法律明確賦權的情形下，基於資料的事實控制使資料控制者具有事實上的資料使用權，可以開啟資料流程通之門。關鍵在於需要法律明確資料控制（使用）合法性判斷規則和資料流程通利用的責任規則。

The value of data is to interpret or analyze the world and provides knowledge or wisdom. Big data and artificial intelligence, however, provide a new way for human being to form knowledge or wisdom with intelligent analysis. Data sharing is necessary for data value realization in that intelligent analysis is based on data sets about one object which are collected and aggregated from fragmented data held by different controllers. Data sharing is in essence the core of data economy for achieving social utilization of data. Data sharing is implemented through data use licensing, including one to one licensing, one to mass licensing, and cross licensing. These three licenses draw the outline of social utilization of data. Data is sharable or transferable regardless personal data or non-personal data. The key issue is that the data controller’s ability to use data is affirmed by law. Even without expression in law a data controller has data use right to give the data licensing based on the control fact, which will open the door of data sharing. However, it is necessary to establish the legal rules for judging the legality of data control and use as well as assuming accountability.