行政訴訟客觀證明責任分配的基本規則

我國行政訴訟制度對客觀證明責任分配的現行規定仍然存在法律空白，應當通過建構責任分配的基本規則予以填補。應以行政職權為中心，規定由行使行政職權的當事人對職權形成要件承擔客觀證明責任；主張不行使行政職權的當事人，對職權妨礙要件、職權消滅要件、職權排除要件應承擔客觀證明責任。該基本規則具有普適性、明確性和確定性，可為行政訴訟客觀證明責任分配提供穩定預期，也可填補現行制度未規定行政相對人負客觀證明責任若干情形的法律空白。

There are legal gaps in the current provisions of the distribution of objective burden of proof in the Administrative Litigation Law of China, which should be filled by constructing the basic rules of distribution. With the administrative power as the center, this article puts forward the basic rules of distribution of objective burden of proof in administrative litigation: while the party who advocates exercising administrative authority should bear the objective burden of proof on the authority-forming requirements, the party who advocates not exercising administrative authority should bear objective burden of proof on the authority-hindering requirements, authority-eliminating requirements and authority-excluding requirements. This basic rule enjoys universality, clarity and certainty, providing a stable expectation for the distribution of objective burden of proof in administrative litigation, and filling the legal loopholes as the current system does not stipulate administrative counterparts should bear the objective burden of proof in certain cases.