不正當競爭行為認定範式的嬗變

反不正當競爭法是實用主義和規範化的融合。解決現實競爭問題的需要和對競爭的本質屬性的回歸，決定了其行為認定範式從“保護競爭者”到“保護競爭”的轉變。新《反不正當競爭法》一般條款打破競爭關係的桎梏，引入獨立的消費者利益標準，對行為不正當性的認定不再僅針對競爭者利益進行“權利化”的考量，而是依據競爭本身的結構、功能、特性來重新厘定考量因素和利益權衡框架。新法將“擾亂市場競爭秩序”置於經營者和消費者權益之前，並不是對價值序位的重新排定，而是強調行為只有構成對經營者競爭自由的“顯著損害”，或對消費者決策自由的“實質扭曲”，導致實施者不合理地獲得競爭優勢，才能落入其規制範圍，從而厘清了與《消費者權益保護法》等其他法律的界限。

The anti-unfair competition law is a combination of pragmatism and standardization. The need to solve real-world competition problems and the return to the essential attributes of competition determine the transition of its recognition paradigm from ''protection of competitors'' to ''protection of competition''. The '' Anti-Unfair Competition Law'' breaks the bondage of competition, introduces independent consumer interest standards, and it holds that the recognition of unfairness can no longer be considered only for the rights of competitors, the redefinition of the framework of consideration factors and interests weighting should be based on the structure, function, and characteristics of competition itself. Putting ''disrupting the order of market competition'' before the rights and interests of operators and consumers is not a reordering of the order of value, while through emphasizing that the ''salience'' of the damage done by the act to the interests of operators and consumers, which is enough for the enterprises to obtain unreasonable competitive advantage of this regulatory ''threshold'', then the boundaries of law, such as consumer protection law can be clarified.