正當防衛的正當性依據及其限度

正當防衛的正當性依據在於自利理性人的普遍同意。個人保護原則和法秩序維護原則存在相同的目的與理論基礎，構成協調統一的整體。根據整體性二元論，對於防衛限度的認定，應當貫徹“權利無需向不法讓步”之原則，採納必需說的立場。即便不法侵害並未嚴重危及他人人身安全，以造成不法侵害人死傷的必要措施進行防衛的，也有構成正當防衛的餘地。但在防衛行為所損害的法益不成比例地遠超所保護的法益、面對明顯無責任能力的不法侵害人、防衛挑撥以及被侵害人與侵害人之間存在緊密的家庭關係等情形中，應當對防衛權予以限制。這種限制只是表面上與“權利無需向不法讓步”之原則相衝突，實際上卻是正當防衛之正當性依據的必然要求。

The justification for Self-defense lies in the universal agreement of the self-interested and reasonable persons. Uniform purpose and theoretical basis exist in the principles of Safeguarding individual rights and Legal order maintenance, which constitute a coordinating and unified whole. According to Integral dualism, with regard to the determination of defense limit, we should implement the principle of Rights do not have to be compromised with the illegality, and adopt the position of Necessary limit theory. Even though under the circumstance that unlawful infringements have not yet seriously jeopardized the personal security of others, people who are attacked carry out necessary measures in a way that causes unlawful offenders injured or wounded, there is also some space for the establishment of Self-defense. But defensive rights should be limited in the following situations, for example, the impaired legal interest by defensive acts disproportionately far exceed the protected legal interest; when facing unlawful offenders with obviously incompetent responsibility; provocation of defense; victims and infringers have closed family relationships, etc. Such a limit just apparently conflicts with the principle of Right do not have to be compromised with the illegality, but it is in fact inevitable requirement of the justifiable grounds for Self-defense.