我國輕罪立法的體系思考

輕罪立法具有法治正當性，但如果沒有“漏斗式”司法出罪機制配套適用，難免會導致懲罰過度化。眼下犯罪門檻下降和輕罪立法，更多是基於強化刑法參與社會治理的考量，這種做法並不契合法治的要求。行政拘留在新近立法中的擴張，更是與輕罪立法的法治立場相悖。刑法積極參與社會治理，是一種需要謹慎提倡的社會治理模式。輕罪立法的方向應定位於積極構建以更為法治的方式處理輕微危害社會行為，保障公民權利，而不是簡單地強調刑法積極介入社會治理。輕罪立法需要配套制度建設，一方面國家要進一步推進行政處罰權的司法化改造，避免行政拘留等人身自由罰的行政處罰擴張；另一方面立法也要相應增設輕微刑罰制度，構建前科消滅制度以及完善司法出罪機制。

The lowering of the threshold for crimes and the legislation of minor crimes can be legitimated but they may lead to over-criminalization without the support of ''funneling'' decriminalization mechanism in judicial practice. Nowadays, the lowering of the threshold of crimes and the legislation of minor crimes focus more on the role of criminal law in social governance, for instance, the expansion of administrative detention, which contravenes the rule of law. The active role of criminal law in social governance needs to be considered with prudence, however. To be specific, the legislation of minor crimes in China should be implemented with regard to civil rights and the rule of law. The legislation of minor crimes requires a corresponding system. First, the administrative power should be reframed judicially, especially the power related to the deprivation of personal freedom such as the administrative detention. Secondly, corresponding and proportionate minor punishments need to be added, elimination of prior criminal records needs to be constructed and decriminalization mechanism needs to be improved.