聯合國教科文組織「保障及促進文化表現多樣性公約」對文化權及傳播權之影響：以2007年歐體視聽媒體服務指令為中心

The Impacts of the UNESCO Convention for the Protection and Promotion on the Diversity of Cultural Expression to the Right to Cultural andCommunication Right: in the context of the EC's Audio-Visual Media Service Directive

歐體及其會員國一直在教科文組織及其他國際組織積極推動保障文化多樣性國際制度之建立，最後成功完成文化多樣性公約之草擬。歐體在簽署文化多樣性公約後，更積極將促進文化多樣性目標落實在其文化政策及相關之產業規範中。歐體理事會在2007年所通過的「視聽媒體服務指令」，不僅就過去對視聽媒體服務最重要之「電視無疆界指令」進行大幅修正，新視聽媒體服務指令更將實施文化多樣性公約之宗旨視為新指令之目的之一。本文之研究目的，並非由傳播學角度，而是從法律之角度，探討文化多樣性公約生效對於文化權及傳播權產生如何影響，並特別探究歐體新視聽媒體服務指令之實施，會對文化權及傳播權產生如何影響，以及該指令之實施是否有益文化權及傳播權在歐體之實現。本文第貳章將從經濟全球化所帶來的文化趨同化，對文化多樣性造成如何影響予以探究，並探討國際間基於此憂慮，草擬文化多樣性公約之過程及其基本規範如何。第參章將探討國際法中文化權之內涵與規範基礎，並釐清傳播權存在之必要性與其規範基礎，最後並將文化權、傳播權及文化多樣性三者之關連性予以重建。第肆章將探討歐體視聽媒體服務指令之修法原因與增修重點，並以此分析為基礎，助於第伍章探究歐體在實施視聽媒體服務指令時，是否真正能促進文化多樣性，並有助文化權及傳播權之實現。

The European Community and its Member States have been the main advocates of cultural diversity for a long time. Their efforts and devotion resulted in the conclusion of UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expression, which is significant to cultural and communication right. As soon as after the entrances into force of the Convention, the European Community revised the Audio-Visual Media Services Directive (AVMSD). As an important sector of cultural industry, these services have profound impacts on cultural diversity.The objective of this article is to investigate what impacts the UNESCO Convention would bring to the cultural and communication right. This article clarified the normative relation and interaction among the cultural diversities of the cultural and communication right. They are not only mutually supporting but also reinforcing to each other. The conclusion of this article discussed that although the AVMSD vowed to respect and protect cultural diversity in audio-visual service sector, the implementation of the AVMSD could hinder the free flow of cultural expression. This result would derogate the normative goals of the Convention. Furthermore, it would build up obstacles to the realization of the cultural and communication right.