中國發展北斗衛星系統對台灣安全的威脅與因應之道

The Impact of China's Beidou Navigation System on National Security and Counterwork of Taiwan

中國於2003年6月完成「北斗一代」衛星導航系統的建構，不過由於這套系統存在許多設計缺失，使它不利於全球化與軍事化應用。因此中國在2006年進行修正，並將北斗衛星導航系統建構成包括定位與授時的自主應用技術和產品、與衛星導航定位相關的位置服務支撐系統、大眾化應用系統終端，擴展應用領域和市場等。而2008年公佈的「航太發展『十一五』規劃」，確定在2010年前對此導航系統進行完整驗證，希望能滿足中國及周邊地區用戶對衛星導航系統的需求，並進行全球系統組網與試驗工作，逐步擴展為全球性衛星導航定位系統。這項被稱為「北斗二代」衛星導航系統的建構，在軍事意涵上具有強化地面作戰部隊的運用、水面艦艇、潛艇的定位與導航、飛彈與戰機的導引，以及成為C4ISR重要組成部分等用途，一旦運用於軍事上，將對台灣的國家安全構成重大威脅。本文試圖從制天權概念分析北斗系統的政軍意涵，並提出台灣因應之道。

China has succeeded to install the Beidou Satellite Navigation System in June 2003, but the fatal flaw of this system failed her to apply it for military purpose; hence, China revised it again in 2006, and later make it more applicable in destination targeting, time service, norm and term definition for the public. In October 2008 China published the 11th 5-year Plan in Aerospace Science and Engineering to ensure that the national team of Aerospace Science and Engineering can fulfill the mission to correct all flaws and mistakes of the Beidou Navigation System. In addition, the team will look forward to strengthen this navigation system to satisfy China and her neighbouring countries. The updated and advanced Beidou Satellite Navigation is expected to perform superiorly than the old model, and this latest system is in the name of Beidou-2; the Beidou-2 is much powerful and applied in military field. Obviously, the Beidou-2 provides the navigation and data-link service for the ground force, navy as well as for Air Force; not surprisingly, this system supports the troop of submarine and cruise missile, either. This paper attempts to analyze the development of Beidou Satellite Navigation System and explain the meaning for the security of the Cross-Strait Relations politically and militarily; furthermore, this paper propose Taiwan government the solutions for counterwork of Beidou Navigation System in order to maintain the military balance of power between China and Taiwan, and protect the national interest of Taiwan from China's military threat.