平衡經濟成長與公平正義中之政黨角色分析：以西班牙社會勞工黨為

The Role of Political Party between Economic Growth and Equality: Reform of the Labor Market during PSOE Government in Spain (1982-1996)

經濟全球化與福利國家間的關係，一直受到各界學者重視與矚目，根據新自由主義的觀點，國家應該保證金融市場的自由化、國營企業的私有化、彈性與浮動的匯率機制、減稅、勞動市場的去管制化、移除所謂勞動市場僵固性的福利改革。然而，相對於福利的刪減，Rodrik則著重在國家可能會暴露於世界經濟景氣循環的變動，以及伴隨整合進入全球市場後帶來的外部風險。這些外部風險可能使得許多經濟弱勢團體（例如低技術勞工）更容易遭受到經濟動盪的傷害。在這樣的情況下，國家必須發展許多福利方案來緩和、減輕來自於國家經濟系統開放所帶來的負面影響，因此，在經濟開放和公共經濟的擴張、政府盈餘、尤其是社會福利系統的擴張之間是存在著正向的關係。西班牙屬第三波民主化浪潮中新興的民主國家，在民主化初期，社會勞工黨（PSOE）執政期間同時採取擴張性的財經與社會政策，並維持了將近十餘年的執政地位。政黨的意識型態與偏好，是影響社會政策很重要的變項，社會勞工黨如何達到經濟成長與社會福利保障增加的目標，是本文主要探討的問題意識。研究初步發現是政府採取與工會協調薪資抑制，以及施行供給面取向的總體經濟策略，使西班牙在民主化初期達到上述兩個目標，並順利在1986年加入歐洲共同體。不過，薪資抑制政策要有效持續，必須有賴於強而有力的工會組織

The relations between economic globalization and welfare states have been paid attention to and attracted attention by the scholars. According to the view of new liberalism, the state should guarantee the liberalization of the financial market, privatization, elasticity and floating exchange rate mechanism, tax reduction, the deregulation of labor market, etc... But relative to welfare reduction, Rodrik focused on that the state may expose on the circulation of international economy and the external risk brought after entering the global market. These external risks may make a lot of economic disadvantaged minorities (for example low-skilled labors) who suffer from the turbulent economy. In such cases, the state must develop many welfare schemes to lighten the reverse influences. Therefore, it should exist a surplus relation between the open economy and expansion of social welfare system. Spain belongs to the new developing democratic state in the third wave democratization. On the initial stage of democratizing, the social labor's party (PSOE) adopts expanding economics and social policy at the same time while in power. Ideology and preference of the political party are the important variables of affecting social policy. How could PSOE achieve the goals of economic growth and social welfare expansion under the economic globalization and democratization of politics? It is the main problem consciousness in this essay. The preliminary finding is that the PSOE government adopted a policy of mutual restraint between government, employers and trade union. Besides, PSOE implemented the supply-side economic strategy made Spain up to above-mentioned two goals on the initial stage of democratizing, and joined the European Economic Community smoothly in 1986. However, if the wage restraint policy can operate effectively, must depend on the powerful trade union systems.