審議式民主的公共新聞想像：建構審議公共議題的新聞報導模式

Imagining Public Journalism in Deliberative Democracy: Constructing a News Reporting Model for Deliberating Public Issues

晚近在政治哲學及新聞學領域分別興起一股對傳統的反思，前者針對代議式民主的缺失提出審議式民主理論，後者則針對傳統新聞菁英中心的報導型式，提出旨在強化公民文化的公共新聞學理念。兩者均強調公民在政治決定中的主體性，在實踐上也有互助之處。審議式民主論者提出，政治決定的過程必須符合公開、平等、非專制與相互性的原則。在此過程中，新聞媒體扮演重要的角色，它應促使公共論述的內涵符合這些原則，才能協助建立社會的審議文化。而公共新聞學從公民的關切層面著手，其案例提供了鑲嵌審議式民主理念的機會。本文汲取審議式民主的內涵及公共新聞的經驗，提出一適用於爭議性公共議題的審議式新聞報導模式。這項模式從公民的關懷出發，藉由呈現多元的論證及理據，使報導內容更具辯證性，以期跳脫主流的衝突框架，培養公民對歧見的包容度，與對公共議題的審慎思辨能力。

A trend of reflexive thoughts on political philosophy and journalism has emerged recently. While the theory of deliberative democracy aims at rectifying problems of representative democracy, public journalism intends to replace traditional elite-centered reporting with a practice targeted at restoring civic culture. Both ideas emphasize the subjectivity of citizens in political decisions. The practice of deliberative democracy requires publicity, equality, nontyranny and reciprocity. Public journalism offers the opportunities to implement these principles. Inspired by the possible synergy, this study proposes a deliberative reporting model. The model starts from citizens' concerns and focuses on reporting pluralistic argumentations and justifications of a controversial public issue. It aims to counteract the dominant conflict frames and to enable citizens to live with disagreement and to deliberate public issues.