原住民廣電節目與電台所有權之研究

Aborigines' Ownership of the Broadcast Media and the Aborigine Programs

「多元化的電台所有權能導致多元化的節目內容」是美國聯邦委員會(FCC)實施優惠少數族群政策所持的理由。相較美國，我國至今尚未有針對少數族群的廣電政策，以致廣電頻道開放時，少數族群必須和非少數族群競爭。由於原住民族群僅佔臺灣人口的百分之一點七，所以一向不為商業媒體所看重。在全省新開放的118個電台中，只有蘭嶼之聲與太魯閣電台是以原住民為目標聽眾。原住民在臺灣雖屬少數民族，但其在憲法上享有的權利並不因其為少數而稍減，甚至因其為少數，更應將其文化視為全球資產。本文主要探討的主題包括：一、原住民擁有或經營廣電媒體的現況。二、廣電媒體播出原住民節目的現況。三、廣電媒體播出原住民類型與語言比例分析。四、廣電媒體對原住民報導所呈現的刻板印象。五、改善媒體對原住民的刻板印象與節目不足的對策。本研究採用四種研究方法：1.文獻分析法：涵蓋國內外對少數族群的廣電政策；2.問卷調查法：包括全省電台與有線電視的問卷調查；3.深度訪談法：訪問新聞局、文建會、內政部的相關官員及原住民的廣電從業人員及意見領袖：4.焦點團體座談法：邀請不同族群人士，對廣電媒體呈現的原住民形象加以討論後再與相關的政府官員、族群代表與製作原住民節目的廣電工作者舉行座談。本研究發現要解決原住民廣電節目不足及媒體以刻板印象報導原住民的情形最好的辦法，就是鼓勵原住民自辦媒體或要其親身投入廣電媒體的工作。本文建議政府應制訂優惠少數族群的廣電政策及輔導其經營媒體。如果原住民因資金不足或其他因素無法自辦媒體，則可要求公營電台在原住民居住密集的地方，播出適當比例的原住民節目。如此才能直接與間接地改善原住民對廣電媒體的接近權。

In the United States, there was evidence showing that there was a nexus between minority ownership and diverse programming. Therefore, the FCC has long encouraged the diversity of viewpoints in the broadcasting service by diversifying the ownership of the broadcast media. In Taiwan, there is no broadcast policy regarding minority or ethnic groups. The purpose of this study is (1) to examine the current status of the aborigines' ownership of the broadcast media; (2) to analyze the genres, languages, and budgets of the aborigine programs; (3) to discuss the images of the aborigines conveyed in the broadcast media; (4) to give suggestions about minority broadcast policy. Research methods include literature review, in-depth interview, survey, and focus group. The study finds that the broadcast media not only fail to convey the minority viewpoints but also portray a stereotypical view of minorities. It suggests that the government adopt minority preference policy or help the aborigines build their own stations. Otherwise, the government should require state-owned media provide a certain percentage of the aborigine programs.