暴力卡通影片與國小學童侵略行為的研究

Cartoon Violen Viewing and Children's Aggression: A Study on Taiwanese Primary School Students

過去三、四十年裡，電視暴力內容對觀察侵略行為的影響一直是歐、美各國學者研究的熱門題材。在現有數以百計的文獻中，多數歐、美的研究報告皆發現，收看電視暴力節目會昇高觀眾的侵略行為。但是，這個結論是建立在歐、美各國民眾所提供的資料上。至於亞洲地區，由於這類研究較少，收看電視暴力節目是否會影響該地區民眾的侵略行為，尚難以定論。本文的目的在探討暴力卡通影片是否會影響國內國小學童的侵略行為。整個研究於民國八十年間完成，採方便樣本，以問卷調查的方式針對中部地區兩所國民小學（一所位於市區，一所位於鄉村）三至六年級的學童進行訪問。研究中蒐集的變項資料包括：學童收看暴力卡通的頻率、學童在校侵略行為（分同學評比及教師評比兩種）、被雙親處罰頻率、雙親間的衝突頻率、對卡通人物的認同感、卡通影片的真實感、同儕在校侵略行為、學校別、性別、年級別、學業成績等。有效問卷為776份，其中市區的學童佔374位(48％)，鄉村的學童佔402位；男性學童佔全數的48％(N=376)。資料分析的結果顯示，鄉村地區的學童中，收看暴力卡通的頻率與在校侵略行為間呈顯著的正相關。而市區的學童中，收看暴力卡通與侵略行為之間並無顯著的相關。這顯示，暴力卡通影片對國內學童侵略行為的影響可能因地域而有差別。

During the past several decades, the topic regarding the influence of TV violence on viewers' aggression has inspired a great number of studies. The weight of the evidence so far supports that exposure to TV violence promotes aggression. However, relatively less information about this topic has been obtained from subjects in Asian developing countries. This study was aimed at examining whether watching violent cartoons was significantly associated with aggression among Taiwanese children. A convenience sample of Taiwanese students (grades 3 to 6) were surveyed in 1991. Data regarding subjects' cartoon violence viewing, perceived reality of cartoon violence, identification with characters, peer aggressiveness, parental punishment, parental conflicts, and some individual characteristics were collected from the subjects with self-report. The analyses were based on the data supplied by 776 students. About 48% of the subjects lived in an urban area, while the rest in a rural area. Boys constituted about 48% of the subjects. The results of multiple regression analyses revealed that exposure to violent cartoons significantly increased the chance that subjects in the rural area were nominated by classmates and teachers as being more aggressive in school. The more cartoon violence rural subjects watched, the more aggressive were they in school. The hypothesis of this study was partially supported. This suggests that watching violent cartoons might have negative impact on some Taiwanese children.