毛澤東時代的中國大陸電視業起源與發展(1958～1976)－－一個歷史個案的研究

Chinese Television in Mao's Era (1958~1976)── A Historical Survey

雖然學術界近年出版了不少鄧小平時代中國大陸電視業的發展與改革論文，但有關中國大陸電視業在毛澤東時代的起源與演進的研究則幾乎付諸闕如。本文運用大量資料較有系統且詳盡地探討了大陸電視業產生與早期歷史的發展(1958～1976)。本文重點研究了毛時代中國大陸電視業的產生與建立，節目內容的演進，機構運行的模式，中共電視政策的制定實施，以及對電視業的政治／意識形態剛性控制，填補了中國大陸早期電視業研究的空白。本文的主要發現與結論：中國大陸電視的產生與早期發展主要是中共領導集團出於政治目的的需要而匆忙興辦的，因而使中國電視發展具有先天性的〝結構缺陷〞。研究表明，中國大陸電視發展的案例即使在蘇俄共產主義陣營中也是獨一無二的。

Although quite a number of research have been done on the development and reform of post-Mao Chinese television in the last decade, very few, if not any, have ever published on the origins and early evolution of Chinese television both in China and the West.[l] In this paper, I have set out to examine systematically the historical development of Chinese television prior to Deng Xiaoping's era (1958~1976), and to provide a comprehensive analysis and descriptive account of important events in the contexts of Chinese society. I have focused on its establishment, policy evolution, the change of programming content, the structure of its political/ideological control, and its operational models. As a result of this examination, I have tried to make two particular contributions to the field of the history of Chinese television studies: 1) Assessing the origins of Chinese television and its performance in Mao's era with particular reference to primary materials and original sources; 2) Producing the argument, based on the above study, that Chinese television was a political creation; that, although media development in communist China (with reference to television) was broadly in line with that of the Soviet Union, the Chinese case presents a unique experience with typically Maoist characteristics in pursuit of its radical ideological goal.