歐盟的中國政策：戰略夥伴關係的實踐

EU's China Policy: An Analysis of Implementing the Strategic Partnership

本文旨在探討歐盟與中國如何實踐戰略夥伴關係的目標，以及分析在過程中所面臨的阻礙。本文從歐盟與中國如何認知自身國際地位開始，檢視雙方從夥伴關係走向戰略夥伴關係的期望，評估在實質上是否具有此等關係的基礎，以及雙方為何在解除對中國軍售禁令以及承認中國市場經濟地位此二議題上遲遲無法取得共識。本文認為歐盟和中國對於戰略夥伴關係的認知並不明確，在具體議題上缺乏實質合作，因而難以取得突破性的發展。現今歐盟與中國的交往已經進入「務實省思期」，雙方都必須思考如何在現有的框架對話之外，進行具體的戰略合作，在重大國際議題上採取一致立場或聯合行動，才有可能產生戰略趨同，進而走向真正的戰略夥伴關係。而中國所推動的「新型大國關係」，預料將會增加中國對歐政策的主動姿態，並促使歐盟全面檢討對中國的政策，採取更為務實的態度來實踐與中國的戰略夥伴關係。

This article aims to examine the implementation of shaping the EU-China Strategic Partnership and investigate the obstacles they are encountering. Accordingly, the article will answer the following questions: (1) How do the EU and China define their strategic objectives? (2) What do they expect from the implementation of the strategic partnership? (3) Do they have fundamental consensus and benchmarks to shape this relationship? (4) Why does the EU reject to lift the arms embargo against China and refuse to recognise China's market economy status? (5) Whether the negotiation for the PCA (Partnership and Cooperation Agreement) and the BIA (Bilateral Investment Agreement) between the two parties affects the implementation of a strategic partnership? This article argues that due to the lack of strategic consensus to manage significant co-operation over critical international issues, it is difficult for the EU and China to achieve a true strategic partnership. Since the two parties are undergoing 'a period of pragmatic reflection', they have to consider how to fulfill the conclusions made in the summits, high-level meetings and sectored dialogues. Only if the EU and China can co-operate over international affairs, they are able to converge on mutual interests and build a real strategic partnership. Moreover, under the principle of 'shaping a new type of great power relationship', China is expected to play a more active role on the international scene. Therefore, the EU will have to undertake a more pragmatic approach to implement the EU-China strategic partnership.