地方政府外包制度的反思：以北京市「護城河工程」為例

Reflection on the Outsourcing System of Local Government: Taking Beijing 「Moat Project」 as an example

外包自21世紀由西方傳入大陸，最先由大陸企業采納並應用，在近幾年服務型政府的提出和人民需求的日益多樣化，政府開始採用外包的方式來回應人民需求。本研究通過實地調研，以2007年開始的「護城河工程」為例，運用外包的基本理論分析政府外包所存在收益和風險，並提出人力支援的替代性措施；再結合大陸政治制度特點和大陸公共部門與私部門的資源力量對比，提出大陸的政府外包的內涵需要進行適合國情的調整，即強調政府在外包過程中的領導角色、監管和責任歸屬以及發揮黨員和黨支部正在政府外包中的動員和帶動作用的策略建議；最後結合目前大陸第三部門發展緩慢和大陸黨政力量強大的現狀，反思現階段政府外包在大陸的定位和作用，認為現階段政府外包更多的作用集中在公部門扶持和推動私部門快速發展，以期達成真正能夠適應我國國情、滿足社會發展需求和人民需求的，以政府為領導的，公私部門協力促進社會發展、滿足人民需求的大陸政府外包的理想形態。

Outsourcing has been introduced to China from the West since the 21st century. It was first adopted and applied by Chinese companies. In recent years, service-oriented governments have been proposed and people's needs have become increasingly diverse. This research uses field research, taking the 「Moat Project」 started in 2007 as an example, using the basic theory of outsourcing to analyze the benefits and risks of government outsourcing, and proposing alternative measures for human support; combining the characteristics of China ’s political system and Chinese public The resource strength comparison between the department and the private sector suggests that the connotation of government outsourcing in China needs to be adjusted to suit national conditions, that is, to emphasize the government's leading role in the outsourcing process, supervision and ownership of responsibilities, and to play the role of party members and party branches in government outsourcing Suggestions on mobilizing and driving strategies; Finally, considering the current slow development of the third sector in China and the current status of China ’s party and government forces, reflect on the current position and role of government outsourcing in China. The public sector supports and promotes the rapid development of the private sector, with a view to reaching the ideal form of Chinese government outsourcing that can truly adapt to China's national conditions, meet the needs of social development and the needs of the people.