從風險管理觀點看博物館的永續經營

Sustainable Development of Museums from the Perspective of Risk Management

博物館的永續經營是當代博物館營運上面臨的重要議題，如何持續地吸引觀眾參訪？如何創造穩定的財務收入？如何有效的運用有限的空間與人力？如何與環境共存與社區互動等？皆是須考量的面向。在營運博物館時，危機時常潛藏在暗處，如何控制風險、沖銷風險乃刻不容緩之事宜。博物館界對風險的概念由早期針對藏品，逐漸擴大至建築、設備、規章，較偏向狹義的風險管理定義，2000年後出現從財務狀況或廣義風險管理概念的研究，為數不多，但無論是內部管理的疏失或是外在不可抗拒的因素，都可能對博物館的營運造成重大的威脅。究竟博物館的風險管理所指為何？在台灣較少有學者專家以全面的「風險管理」層面檢視博物館營運，本文試圖從風險管理的角度切入，欲了解全面的風險管理概念在博物館營運上產生何種影響，如何讓博物館永續經營。文獻探討以風險管理為主；個案研究法為研究方法。博物館的專業化勢在必行，博物館的風險管理能讓博物館了解營運時可能遭遇的問題，提前防範及處理問題。本研究希冀藉由認識風險、管理風險，掌握博物館的核心競爭力，為博物館成為文化創意產業的核心產業及永續營運而努力。

Sustainable development of museums is an important issue that contemporary museums need to deal with it. How to continuously attract visitors to visit? How to create stable financial income? How to effectively use limited space and manpower? How to coexist with the environment and interact with the community? Those aspects are needed to be considered. When operating a museum, crises are often hidden in the dark, and how to control and avoid risks is an urgent matter. The concept of risk in museum industry was more narrow definition in early stage, focused only on collections, buildings, equipment, regulations and so on. After 2000, there have been a few studies on financial issues or discussion related to broad concept of risk management. No matter it is the negligence of internal management or external irresistible factors may cause a major threat to the operation of a museum. What exactly does museum's risk management refer to? Only a few scholars and experts in Taiwan examine museum operations from a comprehensive concept of risk management. This article attempts to explore museum operation by using theories of risk management to understand how comprehensive risk management concepts affect museum operations and how to make museums sustainable. Literature review of this paper focuses on risk management; methodology of case study has been chosen as research method. The professionalization of museums is imperative. The risk management of museums can enable museums to understand the problems they may encounter during operation, and prevent as well as deal with them in advance. This research attempts to make efforts for museums to become the core industry in cultural and creative industries by understanding risks, managing risks, and mastering the major competitiveness of museums.