臺北市政府警察局運用調閱錄影監視系統提升偵查犯罪成效之評估研究

An evaluation study of the Taipei City Government Police Department using the video surveillance system to improve the effectiveness of criminal investigations

我國警察法第二條明定警察主要任務為「依法維持公共秩序，保護社會安全，防止一切危害，促進人民福利」，故維護社會治安是警察的重要任務，也是社會大眾對警察的殷切期望。隨著社會變遷，犯罪樣式及手法呈現多元化趨勢，而科技快速發展，也帶動著錄影監視系統（Closed-Circuit Television，CCTV）的廣泛發展，臺北市在CCTV設置完成後，在偵查犯罪案件過程中，發展並提出調閱CCTV的模式：同心圓調閱模式及暴風路徑追蹤模式，輔助運用破獲各類刑案，為使提高警察偵查犯罪成效，以實現警察維護社會治安的職責。本研究以文獻探討、官方統計資料、次級資料分析法及半結構式深度訪談法等方法進行質性研究，比較臺北市新建置CCTV運作前後犯罪發生及破獲情形之差異及CCTV輔助破獲案件之變化情形，並整理出操作調閱CCTV模式與原則，以及運用調閱CCTV於偵查犯罪時常見問題和因應策略作為，據以系統化研究整理，使CCTV功能具體結合運用於實務工作上，以期提升偵查效率，並能供警察相關實務機關作為偵查犯罪案件的參考。本研究歸納後作出下列3點結論：一、臺北市新錄影監視系統運作後成效。二、錄影監視系統調閱模式與原則。三、調閱錄影監視系統常見問題及因應作為。最後本研究提出下列5點建議：一、整合系統調閱平台並統一操作介面。二、定期辦理錄影監視系統教育訓練與講習研討。三、制訂警察調閱私人錄影監視系統影像的法源依據。四、增加編列預算以鼓勵民眾設置錄影監視系統。五、運用科技方法技術結合錄影監視系統執行偵查追蹤犯罪。

Article 2 of the Police Act in Taiwan explicitly states: ''The police are obligated to maintain public order, protect social security, prevent all hazards, and promote public welfare according to applicable laws.'' The maintenance of public order is, therefore, an important police mission and what the general public expects of the police. Social changes have led to increased diversity in the types of crimes and how they are committed. The rapid development of technology has also spurred the widespread installation of CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) systems. A number of models for the requisitioning and review of CCTV footage were developed by Taipei City during the course of criminal investigations after the completion of the CCTV system: Concentric Circles and Storm Path. The models are used to assist with solving a variety of criminal cases. By increasing the efficiency of police investigations, they help the police fulfill their duty of maintaining public order. In this paper, a qualitative study was undertaken using a variety of techniques such as a review of past literature, official statistics, secondary data analysis, and semi-structured in-depth interviews. The study compared changes in crime incidence and clearance rates before and after the installation of the new CCTV system in Taipei City, changes in how CCTV has been used to assist with solving cases. In addition, the models and principles used with CCTV investigations were compiled along with the common problems encountered when CCTV footage is used during investigation and the corresponding response strategies. A systematic study was undertaken so that CCTV functions can be integrated into real-world practice. The goal is to improve the efficiency of investigations and provide law enforcement agencies with a reference during their investigation of criminal cases. The findings of this study were used to prepare a summary of the three following points: 1. The performance of the new CCTV system of Taipei City once it became operational. 2. CCTV investigation model and principles. 3. Common problems during CCTV investigation and the responses taken. Finally, the following five recommendations were proposed by this study: 1. Integration of the CCTV investigation platform and standardization of the user interface. 2. Conduct education, training, and workshops for CCTV systems on a regular basis. 3. Introduce legislation that gives the police a legal basis for requisitioning the footage of private CCTV systems. 4. Increase the budget to encourage the general public to install CCTV systems. 5. Use a combination of high-tech techniques and CCTV systems to track and investigate crimes.