道聽途說之後──宋元類書和醫書中旅行實用知識的探索

Things Heard and Spoken along the Way: An Exploration of Practical Knowledge Related to Traveling during the Song and Yuan

本研究探尋宋元時期長程旅行的實用知識，主要取材於日用類書和醫書。經梳理後先提取較為明顯的三類知識內容進行分析：一、旅行須知：幫助完成旅行的注意事項；二、做為啟程前提的吉時吉方推算；三、旅行備急醫方，其中北宋晚期董汲專為旅行編纂的《旅舍備要方》特別值得注目。析論所得，在釐清旅行知識的部分樣貌之餘，也得以推知這些知識所承載的旅行活動。更重要的是，經由討論這些知識的載體，以及潛在的閱讀、流傳、使用等相關行為，有助於了解一個時代支撐人們移動的力量與網絡。

This article investigates practical knowledge regarding long-distance travel during the Song and Yuan periods. It relies primarily on an in-depth analysis of encyclopedias for daily use (riyong leishu日用類書) and medical texts (yishu醫書). After a thorough examination of these source materials, the article discusses three significant categories of knowledge. The first category concerns important travel notices for completing the trip smoothly. The second deals with auspicious times and directions for starting the excursion. The third then covers various prescriptions for dealing with medical emergencies during the journey. Among medical texts, particular attention is paid to the Lüshe beiyaofang旅舍備要方, or Essential Prescriptions for Inns, which was compiled by Dong Ji董汲in the late Northern Song. The study not only clarifies the state of knowledge regarding travel during the Song and Yuan periods but also describes how this knowledge supported different types of travel activities. Most importantly, by discussing the means of circulating this knowledge through books, reading, passing it on and putting it into practice, the article sheds light on the networks and capabilities that enabled Song and Yuan individuals to move across different areas.