一種十三世紀的視角：《鶴林玉露》中的美德、勇氣與暴力

A Thirteenth-Century View: Virtue, Valor, and Violence in Helin yulu鶴林玉露

本文彙整並討論了十三世紀中期的筆記《鶴林玉露》之中的數十篇條目。該書的編撰者是羅大經，他對當時的社會風氣看法頗為悲觀，並且描述了不少暴力事件。通過分析，本文認為《鶴林玉露》的其中一個撰作目的，是要幫南宋讀者作好面對蒙古帝國入侵的心理準備。這本書編織了一幅政治凋敝、英雄輩出，天道有仁、世道不仁的圖景。該作品反映出的複雜性和不確定性使羅大經將「智」定義為適應性，並列舉出諸多時事為例。

Synthesizing entries from the mid-thirteenth century biji (miscellany筆記), Helin yulu鶴林玉露, this article argues that the work, with its bleak view of contemporary times and many tales of violence, can be seen in part as preparing its Southern Song readers for the imminent conflict with the Mongol empire. The text’s vision weaves together political decline and virtuous heroes, as well as a moral heaven and an amoral world. Such complexity and unpredictability leads its compiler, Luo Dajing羅大經(c. 1195-after 1252), to define wisdom (zhi智) as adaptability and supply examples throughout society.