發展中的「人類安全」概念及其在歐盟非法移民問題上之適用

The Developing Concept of 'Human Security' and Its Applicability on Illegal Immigration in the EU

冷戰的結束為全球國際情勢創造了新的現況，「安全」的意義不再只是狹義的以「國家」為「安全」的唯一適用單位，「人類安全」概念在這樣的背景下出現。唯「人類安全」指的是「誰的」安全？針對此一問題，本文從移民議題與人類安全概念的相容性切入，探討人類安全概念在移民議題上之適用性。文章進而專注於歐盟對人類安全概念之論述，並以近年非洲企圖渡海抵達歐洲之移民情況為個案來評估歐盟將人類安全付諸實踐之情況結論指出，「人類安全」之思維既已得到歐盟支持認同，則那些鋌而走險企圖尋求較好生活環境的非法移民在跨海過程中所遭遇的險境自然成了歐盟所無法規避的責任。唯歐盟傳統支柱觀念與議題分工未能打破的情況下，「人類安全」概念在歐洲共同移民領域之落實目前看來尚不可期。

The new international status quo resulted from the end of the Cold War has broadened the definition of 'security.' No longer does 'security' pertain only to 'nations,' a theme best epitomized by the concept of 'human security.' The concept of human security, however, has been under attack for its lack of clarity regarding 'whose' security it aims to analyze. This article tackles this problem by probing into the applicability of the concept on the migration issue. It focuses on the case of illegal immigrants attempting to enter the European Union (EU) from Africa. Its findings show that there is little problem with applying the concept of human security on migration. Nevertheless, even though the EU has readily incorporated the concept into its foreign policies, it will be a long way before the concept can play any role in the EU's handling of the migration issue.