美國對格魯吉亞的外交政策

On U.S. Foreign Policy towards Georgia

自2001年9月至2002年6月，布希曾發表9次有關國家安全方面的言論，匯集之後定名為「美國國家安全戰略」，並於2002年9月中旬公諸於世；其中不但包括強化能源地區之安全，也表明了對於弱國的腐敗政權將予以干預；格魯吉亞正好符合這兩點條件，也就是說，格國的不民主政權對於裏海石油管線之安全已構成了威脅。本文之目的，即在於以格魯吉亞作為研究案例，一方面要證明華府對格國的外交政策，主要是為滿足美國爭取最多能源的國家利益；另一方面則試圖透視布希政府，以道德感與價值觀配合著石油利益優先的原則，執行對格國外交的策略與演變。因此，本文首先擬探究華府對格國謝瓦納澤政權產生疑應的四點原因，其次是分析美國對格魯吉亞的三項政策，最後則論述美國對薩阿卡什維利新政權的三項措施。

President George Bush delivered nine speeches on national security in public between September 2001 and June 2002. They have been compiled and named as the National Security Strategy of the United States of America and published openly online in September 2002. It stressed not only to strengthen the security of energy regions, but also provide for the intervening of the corruptive regimes in those weak states. The Republic of Georgia fit the description on both list; namely, the Georgia's non-democratic regime has already threatened the security of the Caspian pipeline.The purpose of this article, while regarding Georgia as a case study, tries to prove that the U.S. foreign policy towards Georgia is mainly based on satisfying her national interests. These interests include acquiring abundant energy and trying to implement diplomatic plans mixing morality and values with the principle of oil interest as a priority. In addition, we aim to observe the evolution of these plans in U.S. policy towards Georgia. In short, this article attempts to explore the four reasons why Washington suspected the democratic credentials of President Eduard Shevardnadze. It also tries to analyze three U.S. policy choices towards Georgia. Finally the article discusses three measures adopted by Washington in dealing with Mikheil Saakashvili's government.