「不擴散核武器條約」之再審視：一個權力政治與身分政治的解析

The NPT Revisited: An Analysis of Power and Identity Politics

本文以「不擴散核武器條約」（The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty,NPT）為例，以建制功能為經，以國家身份為偉，系統性探討締約國之集體身份在NPT各項功能要項中如何體現，並探究NPT在權力政治和身份政治交互作用下的兩個側面。權力政治方面，NPT條約權利義務不平等的歧視性創造出制度內的消極互動；身份政治方面，NPT條約身份不平等的雙重性創造出制度外的積極互動。消極互動滯礙了合作的氣氣，壓抑了合作的空間；積極互動活躍了合作的氣氣，開創了合作的空間。在NPT的國際政治舞台上，無核國、小國的身份孕育了批判武器的想像力；核武國、大國的身份（亞斤）傷了武器批判的反省力。是以，無核國、小國善用其身份的靈活性、多樣性，每每與核武國在議題上周旋較勁；是以，無核國、小國善用其身份的創造性、正當性，事事與核武國在方案上協商折衝。

This article systematically examines the ways in which collective identity of the signatory states of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) emerges in regard to the various functional requirements of the treaty. The discussion in this article reiterates a theme that the two aspects of a collective identity within which the states interact. In power politics, discrimination imbedded in the NPT creates an unequal foundation upon which the duties and privileges of the NPT states rest. In identity politics, a double standard inherent in the NPT activates parameters by which the interactions of the NPT states intensify. The passive parameter stifles cooperation among states whereas the active parameter encourages such cooperation. The non-nuclear weapon small states status helps to nurture critical imagination of the NPT, whereas the nuclear weapons such status results in dampening the prestige of the NPT. Accordingly, the small non-nuclear weapon states, when presenting a broader challenge to the political ascendance of the big nuclear weapons states in each issue domain of the NPT, yield more flexible and accommodative solutions.