日本「世界文化遺產」保育之研究--探討「傳統建造物群保存地區」和「文化景觀」雙軌制度的實施

Preservation and Education of World Cultural Heritage Sites in Japan:""Conservation District of Traditional Buildings"" and ""Cultural Landscapes"" the Two Systems

本研究日本之「世界文化遺產」保育「傳統建造物群保存地區」和「文化景觀」雙軌制度的實施，目的在探討聯合國教科文組織UNESCO、日本和台灣的建築群和文化景觀的概念以及選定基準的差異為何？日本《文化財保護法》相關法令在雙軌制度保育上的效力，以及中央和地方政府對應機制為何？雙軌制度在全國選實施的成果和差異為何？透過上述的討論，提議台灣《文化資產保存法》聚落建築群和文化景觀可行策略和方向之檢討。其結論如以下六點：1.修訂《文化資產保存法》精神強化對世界貢獻及國際視野；2.檢討族群和時期的劃分，從地理環境脈絡去建構並釐清地方特殊價值與意義；3.讓「聚落建築群」和「文化景觀」在土地使用分區有明確的位階和效力；4.成立《文化景觀法》落實城鄉文化自然環境保育之整體調查和有計畫性形塑；5.建立《文化資產保存法》和《國土計畫法》在土地保育的連動機制；6.以在地為主體的保育組織，籌設中央、地方行政之研究教育機構。

 

This study explores the implementation of two systems for the conservation of World Cultural Heritages Sites in Japan through the “Conservation District of Traditional Buildings” and “Cultural Landscapes”. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences between UNESCO, Japan, and Taiwan’s concepts and selection standards for building clusters and cultural landscapes. What are the response mechanisms by central and local governments to Japan’s “the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties” and the effectiveness of conservation under the two systems? What are the implementation results and differences in the implementation of national selection under the two systems? Based on the discussion of the aforementioned topics, we propose viable strategies and directions for discussion related to building clusters and cultural landscapes in Taiwan’s “Cultural Heritage Preservation Act”. The conclusion is as the 6 following points: 1. Amend the “Cultural Heritage Preservation Act” to fortify its spirit towards global contribution and international perspective; 2. Discuss the separation of tribes and periods by using geographical context to construct and clarify special local values and implication; 3. Allow “building clusters” and “cultural landscapes” to have clear rankings and effectiveness in zoning for land uses; 4. Establish a “Cultural Landscapes Act” to achieve the comprehensive investigation and plan for the shaping of conservation for both urban and countryside cultural or natural environments; 5. Establish a linked mechanism for land conservation between the “Cultural Heritage Preservation Act” and “National Land Use Planning Act”; 6. Plan and establish central and local administrative research and education institutes based on local conservation organizations.