賴比瑞亞的內戰、區域衝突、及國際介入

Liberia's Civil War: Regional Conflicts and International Intervention

賴比瑞亞在一九八九年底爆發內戰，經過西非區域組織及各國領導人的居中調停及幹旋，終於在一九九六年達成停火及解除武裝的協議，並在一九九七年舉行總統選舉，使得長達七年的衝突及動亂告一段落。不過在二０００年後又有新的叛軍出現，為來賴國的政治走向投下不確定的因素。本文討論及分析的重點包括（一）導致賴比瑞亞內部衝突、內戰爆發及內戰持續的因素、（二）影響該國內吱走向的區域及國際因素、及（三）該國結束內吱的形式和新動亂再起的原因。

Civil war broke out in Liberia at the end of 1989. After the intervention and mediation by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and leaders of countries in the area, accords of cease-fire and disarmament were reached in 1996 and a presidential election was held in 1997, temporarily ending seven years of conflict and disorder. A new rebel movement emerged in 2000 and created uncertainties to Liberia's political future. This article will focus on the discussion and analysis of the following three problems: 1) factors leading to Liberia's internal contradictions and eruption and continuation of civil war; 2) regional and international factors affecting the direction of the war; and 3) the way the war ended and the reasons for the new instability.