轉變中的日本安全保障政策－－「反恐特別措施法」的探討

The National Security Policy of Japan under Transformation: The Investigation of the 'Anti-Terrorism Special Measures Law'

美國的九一一事件，成為日本安全保障政策轉變的契機。繼波斯灣危機以來，日本朝野政黨，再度對其安全保障政策，針鋒相對，議論紛紛。其後，日本政府依擬國會表決通過的「反恐特別措施法」，派遣自衛隊，後勤支援美國的軍事作戰。此次派遣行動，係日本自衛隊成立以來，史無前例於戰時的狀態下，前往海外執行任務。雖名為後勤支援美國軍事作戰，但亦有專家學者指稱此為日本安全保障政策的一大轉捩點。本文目的在以「反恐特別措法」為探討主軸，透過該法制定背景、主要內容、重要特微、問題爭議、各國反應等的整理，剖析轉變中的日本安全保障政策。全文架構如下：首先，簡單回顧日本安全保障政策的主要爭論，兼述憲法第九條與集團自衛權；其次，針對「反恐特別措施法」進行研析；最後，歸納日本各界人士有關安全保障政策的議論，進而展望其安全保障政策可能發展方向。

The September 11,2001 terrorists attacks against the United States became the critical opportunity for transforming the security policy of Japan. Once again, the Japanese ruling and opposition parties were diametrically opposed and had widespread comments on the national security policy issue. Based on the 'Anti-Terrorism Special Measures Law,' which was debated and approved by the Diet, the Japanese government sent out the Self-Defense Force (SDF) to provide logistics support to the US military operations in Afghanistan. This dispatch marked the first time that a Japanese military contingent was involved in, and provided assistance to , other combat forces since the establishment of the Self-Defense Force. Although the SDF troops were sent in the name of logistics support, some experts and scholars called it 'a big turning point in Japanese security policy'.The main goal of this article is to discuss the background of the debate and approval of the content, features, and the arguments of the Anti-Terrorism Special Measures Law, also considered are responses of other countries. The goal is to analyze the transformation of the security policy of Japan. The outline of this article is as follows: First is a brief review of the main arguments related to the security policy of Japan, as well as a discussion of 'Article 9 of the Constitution' and 'the Right of Collective Self-Defense'. Second is an analyzsis of the 'Anti-Terrorism Special Measures Law'. Last, the article summarizies comments on the national security policy from experts, scholars, and the public, and explores the future developing orientation of Japanese policy.