古印度觀音繪畫藝術表現之初探

A Preliminary Study on the Artistic Expression of Ancient India Avalokiteśvara Paintings

現存的古印度觀音繪畫不多，但以各時期的代表性雕塑作為形象塑造的參 考，並以同期的菩薩畫像作為繪畫圖式的樣本，以此進行圖像的比較，應可為 了解古印度觀音繪畫藝術表現提供一定的參考依據。其藝術演變與印度佛教造 像基本一致，經歷了吸取外來技術、發揚本土傳統、實現儀軌規範的過程，其 繪畫風格並非一成不變，而是在宗教、政治、文化、工藝各方面的影響下，隨 時空的變遷而呈現出對菩薩相好莊嚴的各種藝術詮釋。古印度觀音繪畫是當地 觀音信仰的一種圖像化表現，從造像的藝術表現也可反映古印度四種主要的觀 音信仰形式，即稱名救難型、淨土往生型、智慧解脫型、密儀持咒型。

 

Nowadays, very few ancient India Avalokiteśvara paintings could be found. However, by comparing the typical sculptures of different time as shaping references and the bodhisattva portraits from the corresponding period as painting samples, useful references to the artistic expression of ancient India Avalokiteśvara paintings could be providedits artistic development was substantial and consistent with India Buddhist sculptures; both experienced the process of absorbing foreign technics, inheriting local traditions and standardizing artistic rituals. Rather than being monotonous, the painting styles presented a variety of artistic interpretations of excellent characteristics of Avalokiteśvara from different time and locations. The ancient India Avalokiteśvara paintings were image expressions of local Avalokiteśvara belief, related to four fundamental types－the Savior, Pure-land, Prajñã and Tantra.