當前日本對外援助政策分析

Contemporary Japan's Foreign Aid policy

據開發援助委員會（Development Assistance Committee,DAC）的統計資料，自一九九一年以來日本已連續十年蟬連全球最大外援國的寶座，而日本政府本身並將對外援助當作是重要的外交政策工具。冷戰終結後，日本政府於一九九二年擬定新政府開發援助大綱（Official Development Aid （ODA） Charter），以因應國際局勢變遷。當前日本所面臨的經濟、財政困難，迫使日本再度修正其ODA政策路線。隨著一九九九年新ODA中期計畫（一九九九～二○○三年）的正式提出，跨世紀的日本ODA政策方針可大致窺其經緯。為此，本文擬從決策環境因素切入觀察，並嘗試標示出日本對外援助政策的特點，作為觀察未來日本ODA政策轉變的基礎。

Since 1991, Japan has been the world's largest ODA donor country, according to DAC (Development Assistance Committee) statistics. Moreover, providing such assistance is an important diplomatic mission for Japan. In 1992, the Japanese government made a neo-ODA Charter to cope with the global changes that have occurred with the end of the cold war.The government of Japan has recently been forced to gradually change her ODA policy due to the difficult economic and fiscal situation that the country is facing. The 1999 ODA medium-term plan has outlined the medium policy (1999-2003), giving us a preview of Japan's ODA policy in the 21th century. This paper will, therefore, discuss Japan's future ODA policy.