日本對中共官方援助之分析：一九七九至二０００年

Japan's Official Aid to the PRC (1979~2000)

日本對中共正式提供官方經濟援助始自一九七九年。至二○○○年底日本政府對中共提供的「廣義的」經濟援助金額已達五兆八千億日圓之譜（含舊「日本輸出入銀行」提供的二兆九千億日圓）。即使不考慮日資企業對中共實際直接投資額和件數及雙方貿易額之龐大，如此鉅額對中共資金投入當然成為雙方高經貿依存度之原因，並成為雙方發生政治緊張時的「緩衝劑」。一九七二年九月日中（共）雙方建交以來，雙方「建交共同聲明」和七八年八月的「和平友好條約」、七九年十二月的日本「對中共援助三原則」、九二年六月的「日本ODA大綱」（揭示四個基本理念與四個原則及援助重點），以及九八年十一月雙方首腦會談通過的「建立友好與發展的伙伴關係之共同宣言」及「二十三項合作項目協議」等，為雙方發展經貿合作之主要依據。日本對中共經濟援助之領域在八七年以來，已從過去重視社會基礎建設逐漸擴大到重視農業、環保、資訊、醫療保健、文化、教育及災害防治，同時重視對大陸內陸開發之援助。雖然近年來日本國內因財政困難及部分人士對中共缺乏好感，而早已主張應重新檢討對中共經濟援助，但是本人認為今後雙方經貿合作關係仍將持續發展。因為雙方政府皆認識到經貿合作之必要性。日本之所以願意提供中共鉅額經濟援助，主要是基於認為支援中共發展經濟將有助於亞洲和世界的和平與繁榮，以及有助於日本的安全保障。本文對一九七九年以來日本對中共官方經濟援助之發展狀況和問題所在，分成五個時期加以考察。並檢討日本對中共經援的理念和原則，同時對今後雙方經貿合作關係之可能發展方向加以研析。

Japan began to provide official economic aid to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1979. By the end of 2000, such aid amounted to 5,800 billion yen. Such a large amount of capital input is one of the reasons behind the high degree of economic and trade interdependence between the two countries. Such aid also serves as an effective assuagement at times of political tension.The bases for the development of economic and trade cooperation between Japan and China since 1972 include: the Joint Announcement on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations (September 1972); the Treaty of Peace and Amity (August 1978); Japan's Three Principles on Aid to China (December 1979); Japan's Official Development Aid (ODA) Program (June 1992); the Joint Declaration on Establishing Friendly and Development Partner Relationship (November 1988); and the Agreement on 33 Cooperation Items (November 1998).Since 1987, the scope of Japan's economic aid to China has gradually been expanded from social infrastructure to include a wider range of area such as agriculture, environment protection, information, medical and health services, culture, education, disaster prevention, and inland development.In recent years, there have been calls by the Japanese public for a review of the economic aid program to China. This author, however, presumes that economic and trade cooperation between Japan and China will continue to develop as both governments recognize the necessity of such interaction. The Japanese government believes that supporting China's economic development is conducive to peace and prosperity of Asia and the world, as well as to Japan's national security.This paper deals with the development and problems of Japan's ODA to China in five periods, elaborates on Japan's concepts and principles regarding economic aid to China, and discusses the future prospects economic and trade cooperation between Japan and China.