性別平權與婚姻平權：從研究結果反思社會正義

Gender equality and marriage equality:From research findings to reflections upon social justice

性別平權運動在台灣已推動二十餘年，且經歷不同的挑戰與課題。本文藉由社會正義的視角，檢視性別平權運動推動的進程與面對的困境，爬梳整理性別平權運動觸及的幾個層面，並將之應用於了解近期的爭議性議題－婚姻平權。透過台灣社會變遷調查資料庫2012年性別組資料，以因素分析區分出同性戀刻板印象、夫妻家庭樣貌、性保守態度、母職角色、性別分工與不平權五大阻礙因子，並以路徑分析檢驗其對同性伴侶成家權益支持程度的預測力。研究發現男性、年長世代在這些阻礙因子的支持程度多高於女性、年輕世代，顯示性別平權運動主要影響年輕族群、女性。此外，這些阻礙因子雖針對不同群體（如單親家庭、異性戀伴侶），但多與同性戀刻板印象有顯著正相關，顯示這些信念間的交互支撐，難以撼動。最後，本研究發現對同性戀刻板印象越負面、越強調夫妻家庭樣貌才是好的、性態度越保守的人們，越不支持給予同性伴侶成家的權益。研究結果將結合思考社會正義落實的困境與可能的突破。

 

Social movement to protomte gender equality has been undergoing in Taiwan for over twenty years, in which different challenges and issues have been dealt with. From a social justice perspective, this article aims to examine both the progresses and obstacles in the movement and in particular, focuses on a recent controversial issue – marriage equality. Using data from the Taiwan Social Change Survey (Gender Module, 2012), I identified five predictors via factor analysis (i.e. stereotypes of homosexuals, husband-wife family structure, conservative sexual attitudes, motherhood roles, and gender division and attitudes of gender inequality) and used them to predict respondents’ attitudes towards same sex marriage. The findings showed that male, older individuals were more likely to oppose same sex marriage. In addition, sexually conservative individuals who upheld stereotypes of homosexuals and believed that husband-wife family structure is superior to other family structure were more likely to oppose same sex marriage. Implications regarding obstacles in realizing social justice and potential breakthroughs are offered.