少數政府與責任政治：台灣「半總統制」之下的政黨競爭

Minority Government and Accountability: Party Competition under the Semi-Presidential System in Taiwan

民主政治就是責任政治，責任政治則有賴於政黨政治的健全發展。台灣「半總統制」的憲政體制運作，在民進黨的陳水扁達成「政黨輪替」之後，面臨了嚴峻的挑戰。「全民政府」與「少數政府」之下，執政的民進黨與政府之間的黨政關係，以雙頭馬車的方式各自獨立運作；民進黨和其他政黨之間的互動關係，演變成相互對峙的緊張局面；而朝野政黨在統獨立場上存在嚴重的分歧，並和多數民眾有著極大的差距。展望未來，陳水扁與民進黨勢必要回歸常軌，重新建構有效的政府統治聯盟，並強化執政黨與政府之間的緊密互動，健全朝野政黨彼此之間的競合關係，以及縮短民進黨和民眾與其他政黨在統獨立場上的歧異，才能有助於台灣政黨政治與政治民主化的繼續推展。

Democracy relies on the establishment of political accountability, which is dependent on the full-fledged development of party politics. Since Chen Shui-bian of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) assumed the presidency, Taiwan's constitutional operation under the semi-presidential system has encountered a variety of dramatic challenges. the Chen Shui-bian administration has not worked closely with the DPP as a party. The competition between the DPP and the other parties also led to the intensification of the power struggle. Moreover, there is a serious cleavage between the DPP and the opposition parties on the issue of unification-independence on the one hand, and between the DPP and the electorate on the other hand. In the future, Chen Shui-bian and DPP must revert to the normal constitutional operation and reconstruct an effective governing coalition. Both the reinforcement of the interaction between the DPP and the government and the institutionalization of party competition and cooperation are also suggested.On the issue of unification-independence, in addition, quite necessary is to narrow the gap between the DPP on the one hand and the electorate and the opposition parties on the other hand.