個人債務清理非正式程序研究

Research on the Mechanism of Informal Personal Debt Solutions

目前中國大陸個人過度負債問題亟待解決，而個人破產制度的構建及個人破產法的公布尚需時日。個人債務清理非正式程序作為個別清償程序，以當事人之間的意思自治為核心，具有較強的靈活性，可以緩解日益嚴重的個人負債問題，有限彌補個人破產制度及個人債務清理正式程序的缺失，滿足不同情況債務人的多元化需求，對構建多層次、立體化的個人債務清理程序具有重要意義。個人債務清理非正式程序的構建應從債務管理計畫和債務合併等不具有免責功能的非正式程序入手，以最大程度地取得金融機構債權人的配合和公眾的接受。與此同時，應注重相關配套制度的建設，培育金融服務市場、規範債務催收行業、完善個人信用體系及普及金融教育。

At present, the problem of over-indebtedness in mainland China needs to be addressed, but it will take some time to construct the personal bankruptcy system and enact the personal bankruptcy law. As the individual repayment procedure, the informal personal debt solutions are flexible and based on the autonomy of will between parties. They paly an important role in alleviating the problem of overindebtedness and making up for the lack of personal bankruptcy system and formal personal debt solutions. Meanwhile, informal personal debt solutions are able to meet the needs of debtors in different situations, and are of great significance to the construction of the multi-level system of personal debt solutions. The construction of informal personal debt solutions should start with those that does not provide discharge of debts, such as Debt Management Plan and Debt Consolidation to obtain the cooperation of financial institutions and wide acceptance of the public. At the same time, we should pay attention to the construction of related supporting systems, such as cultivation of financial service market, regulation of debt collection industry, improvement of personal credit system and popularization of financial education