後共產主義時期克羅地亞的政經發展情勢

Croatia's Political and Economic Development in the Post-Communist Era

本文主旨，特就克羅地亞獨立後的憲政體制選擇，「非共化」後的政治生態，以及當前所面臨的政經課題等三個面向進行分析，藉以瞭解後共產主義時其克羅第亞的政經發展情勢。在後共產主義時期的克羅地亞政經發展，顯示以下二個特點；就政治面向而言，其一，在西方憲政體制模式下，政黨政治呈現穩定發展。其二，今年五月獲准加入北約和平伙伴關係計畫，有助安全保障。其三，克塞兩族的矛盾在歐洲聯盟和聯合國的監督下，漸趨緩和。就經濟面向而言，其一，總體經濟改革在新政府的推動下，可望逐步落實，吸引外資。其二，後涂吉曼時代與歐盟關係正常化，可促進克國的經濟發展。其三，科索沃在北約對南斯拉夫聯盟共和國以戰逼合落幕後，巴爾幹局勢的穩定，大批觀光客的再度湧入，有利克國經濟的復甦。

In order to understand the nature of post-communist Croatia, this paper examines three main issues: the constitutional government of post-independence Croatia, political-ecological distribution under non-communist rule, and current issues. In the post-communist era, the sociopolitical situation of Croatia has been characterized by two dimensions. First, in the political arena, party political has steadily developed under a western constitutional government system. This May, Croatia signed on to NATO's Partnership for Peace program, significantly safeguarding Croatian security. The contradictions and conflicts between Croats and Serbs are under the weakening supervision of the European Union and United Nations. Secondly, in the economic arena, the macroeconomic reforms of the new government are becoming progressively effective while attracting substantial foreign capital. In the post-Tudjman era, the normalization of relations with the EU has promoted Croatian economic development. After the end of the Kosovo crisis-which was mainly achieved by NATO troops-the conditions in the Balkans stabilized and the large numbers of tourists have returned to the area, helping to revive the economy of Croatia.