核不擴散建制的運作與發展

An Appraisal of the Functions and Practices of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime

近來印、巴的核試爆與美國參院的否決行動，給予核不擴散帶來相當負面影響與悲觀論調。然而，如果從NPT建制整體的運作與發展觀察，NPT過去三十年的表現應給予肯定，其對限制國際核不擴散發展具正面的價值與作用。NPT經驗同時顯示，權力與規範因素的結合，是促使不擴散建制成功運作的重要條件。不過，NPT正遭遇印、巴核試後所形成的重大制度與規範衝擊，同時面對國際日益升高廢除核武的要求，要如何的來因應這些挑戰，將是NPT未來最重要的工作。

The recent Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests along with the U.S. Senate action to turn down the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) have greatly increased concerns over nuclear proliferation; many even questioned the effects of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT). However, if viewed from the overall development and implementation of the nuclear non-proliferation regime over the last three decades, it is fair to conclude that the NPT has achieved more than expected. The Treaty has limited the number of countries developing nuclear capabilities, and resulted in the movement for broader international non-proliferation. The NPT experience also shows that the successful combination of power and norms is a force for the operation of a non-proliferation regime. No doubt, the India/Pakistan case and the U.S. Senate action have resulted in a very negative impact upon the NPT regime, and how to face such challenges will become the main task for the NPT in the years ahead.