嘉義市中小學校園戶外空間配置型態檢討與綠化改善之研究

The Study of Review on Campus Outdoor Space Patterns of Chiayi Primary and Secondary Schools and Greening Improvement

都市綠地因具植栽而有環境調節之機能，學校空間是都市地區除公園外尚能保有大面積綠地之空間，因此本研究以嘉義市中小學校為研究對象進行探討。研究目的評估二十八所嘉義市中小學校園空間配置型態與面積比例，提出綠化改善之對策。研究方法主要有二：一為透過文獻分析法獲得中小學校空間規範與型態類型，二為利用空照影像處理分析法與現場調查法。嘉義市中小學校平均校舍占地率為25.7%，運動場占地率12.7%，綠地率為33.4%，喬木占綠地率為56.4%，硬鋪面占地率為28.2%。八所中小學校的綠地率低於標準差，另有八所學校喬木占綠地率低於標準差。九所中小學校的硬鋪面比例高於綠地，顯示尚有綠化改善的進步空間。研究結果發現，嘉義市學校配置採用複合庭院式與分散式校舍配置可創造較多的綠地空間。綜合規劃前庭、中庭、側庭、後庭、隔離綠帶與綠地操場等，多元的綠化手法有利於提高綠地率。未來校園戶外空間規劃上，可在硬舖面比例最高的正門及校舍，以及校舍之間增加綠化、喬木栽種面積，以提升校園綠化率、進而改善都市熱島問題。

 

Many studies have pointed out that green space can regulate the climate. Campus locate in urban area retain a large greening area of outdoor space. The purpose of this study is analyzing the spatial configuration types and greening area ratio of 28 primary and secondary schools in Chiayi City. There are two research methods: one is using document analysis, another is field survey analysis. The average land occupation rate is 25.7% for school buildings, 12.7% for sports fields, 33.4% for green areas, 56.4% for arbor areas, and 28.2% for hard paving. The proportion of hard pavement in nine schools is higher than that of green space, indicating that there is still need improvement. The research results found that diverse greening methods, and the building configuration of multi-courtyard and dispersion can create more green space. Arbor cultivation on the highest ratio of hard paving between the main entrance and the school building could be increasing the area of greening and improving the urban heat island problem.