規劃設計階段考量中小學體育館之耐震因子及耐震能力--以多變量及人工智慧理論為研究方法

To Interpret the Seismic Factors and Seismic Performances of School Gymnasiums using Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Artificial Intelligent Theories at Preliminary Planning Stage

現今體育館的規劃設計，大部分均為大跨度結構之單棟建築物，平時做為學生上體育課及居民活動之用，地震災害發生後亦提供給社區做為避難之場所，因此地位極為重要，本研究即以此重要建築物為探討主題。研究方法則根據課題需要，運用了各種多變量分析方法及人工智慧理論，包括: 主成份分析、集群分析、相關係數、支持向量機以及基因表達規劃法。主成份分析乃利用特徵值的觀念歸納出體育館之耐震因子; 集群分析則可將不同規模的體育館予以分群; 透過相關係數原理可求出各分群耐震因子與耐震能力之關聯程度; 支持向量機則應用於推論體育館耐震能力，最後再以基因表達規劃法計算出代表體育館耐震能力之最佳方程式。實證案例則以台灣地區479棟體育館為研究樣本，透過上述研究方法，探討體育館重要之耐震課題。從研究結果中可知，體育館各分群之耐震因子與崩塌地表加速度之關聯係數排序並不相同; 各分群經支持向量機推論後的誤差均方根值介於0.0669至0.0856之間; 判定係數R2則介於0.7944至0.9183之間，顯示推論結果良好; 經基因表達規劃法計算後之耐震方程式，可提供給建築師未來規劃設計體育館時使用，所發展之研究方法亦可供學術界後續研究之參考。

 

At present, most school gymnasiums are planned as a single-building with large-span structure. They are usually used by students for physical education classes and residents’ activities. Gymnasiums are also used by the residents as a refuge after the great earthquakes, such are of great importance. This research uses multivariate statistical analysis (Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Coefficient of Correlation) and artificial intelligent theories (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gene Expression Programming (GEP)) to explore the new seismic topics of school gymnasiums. The concept of principal component analysis was used to generalize the seismic factors by Eigen-values. Cluster analysis was adopted for gymnasiums’ clustering. Coefficient of correlation was utilized for the relationship between seismic factor and collapse ground acceleration. SVM was used to deduce the seismic performances of school gymnasiums. Finally, GEP was adopted for calculating the optimal seismic equation. The 479 school gymnasiums in Taiwan were used for research specimen. From the results know that the sequence of the relationship grades differs in every clustering. The RMSE values range from 0.0669 to 0.0856, the R2 values are between 0.7944 and 0.9183, show good results. The seismic equation was calculated by GEP, can provide for architects to design the gymnasiums at preliminary planning stage. The research methods also can provide academics for references.