俄羅斯的憲政發展問題探討

Research on the Constitutional Development of Russia

俄羅斯的憲政發展與我國有許多相似之處，兩國均經歷千年專制帝制，相繼在二十世紀初葉推翻專制帝制，出現憲政體制，旦其後雙雙又因內部諸多因素，致憲政變調，都在一黨專政的極權與一黨獨大的威權政治體制下運作。一九八七年前後，中俄兩國展開政治體制改革工作，雙方的憲政同時大步朝向憲政民主化方向發展，但迄今兩國修憲爭議不斷，俄羅斯的憲政發展或可供我憲改參考。本文內容包括：前言、俄羅斯憲政簡史，九三年制憲爭議、新憲法的施行、結論。

The constitutional development of Russia is similar to that of the Republic of China. Both have a history of more than one thousand years of autocracy and were revolutionized in the first decade of the twentieth century as their respective constitutional systems emerged. As a result of inner turmoil, the constitutional systems changed to one party control-either the totalitarian or authoritarian system.Around 1987, the U.S.S.R. and R.O.C. both attempted political reform and turned toward the direction of constitutional democracy. However, both are currently still debating amendments to their constitutions. Russian constitutional development may provide the ROC some guidance in constitution revision. This article includes: a prelude, short history of the Russian constitution, amendment debates, the process of the 1993 constitution, and the conclusion.