皮諾契時代智利之人權爭議及其發展

Chilean Human Rights Dispute and Its Development in Pinochet's Era

七○年代初期的智利國情特殊，且極有可能由拉美第一個民選社會主義政府演變為共產主義國家，進而和古巴共同成為赤化拉丁美洲的標竿。基於國家安全的考量，智利的軍事政變遂成為冷戰時期鬆性兩極對抗的區域產物。然而決策和執行互動不良的結果，徒然造成政變後驟增的冤魂，也使軍事執政團主席皮諾契成為日後的眾矢之的。而皮諾契的高壓統治不但成為智利憲政發展史上的陰影，也充滿了侵犯人權的案例。進入民主轉型期後的智利，方因後冷戰時期國內外情勢改變，致使前軍政府違反人權的資料陸續曝光。然而是否審判皮諾契的人權罪行、調查前軍政府涉案之軍警官員，以還受難者及其家屬清白，並使社會正義及國家法治得以伸張，已成為智利國內左右兩派爭議的焦點。

Chile's political situation at the beginning of the 1970s was complicated. Due to the possible communization of the first socialist government legally elected in Latin America and a possible resulting alliance with Cuba, a military coup seeking to protect national security seemed inevitable in Chile. Nevertheless, differences between the policymaking and policy implementation by the military government brought many unnecessary victims. At the same time, Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, the president of the military government, became the target of popular anger; Pinochet's authoritarian regime was a dark period in Chile's constitutional development, being responsible for many cases of human rights violations. Only after the Chilean democratic completes its transition will the world gain the data regarding these violations. Nowadays, the dispute between the right and the left wings in Chile has focused on whether the Chilean government can put Pinochet and his allies to justice, which is necessary to give justice to the victims and their families, promote social justice in general, and promote the judicial power of the state.