「非南開發共同體」與區域整合－－南部非洲的經貿、政治與軍事合作

The Southern African Development Community and Regional Integration: Economic, Political, and Military Cooperation in Southern Africa

成立於一九九二年的「非南開發共同體」是一具有法人資格的新興區域性國際組織，其宗旨是在為南非洲十四國創造一個以發展為主軸的區域合作基礎。在南非的帶動下，「非南開發共同體」的成長十分迅速，美國並於一九九七年與這個組織舉行了首度的雙邊對話。雖然從整體發展的角度來看，「非南開發共同體」目前仍難謂已達「區域整合」的目標，不過其確已逐步形成一區域集團，並在區域事務上擔負起吃重的角色。對於我國而言「非南開發共同體」的出現也使我國在南部非洲的外交工作面臨了一個新的局面。由於共同體已於一九九六年成立「政治、防衛暨安全組織」，以統一政治、外交步調，因此我國須密切注重我國在本區內僅的兩國邦交國─馬拉威、史瓦濟蘭的未來走向。

The April 1980 Lusaka Summit established the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), which became the Southern African Development Community (SADC) at the Windhoek Summit in August 1992. SADC has since expanded in membership from the nine sounding members of Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Currently, it is a 14-member community, comprising the nine founding members and five new ones, namely, Namibia (1990), South Africa (1994), Mauritius (1995), Democratic Republic of Congo, and Seychelles (1997). The SADC Treaty aims to build a community of nations which together are politically and economically strong and are able to compete in the world marketplace. The cornerstone of SADC is the vision of a shared future: a future within the regional family. Through regional cooperation and integration, the Community aims to provide balanced economic growth and development, political stability, and security for all its member States. The challenge now facing SADC is to build upon its successes to mobilize the region's own resources for sustainable development.