直接商售與美國對華政策：「經國號」戰機之個案研究

The US Policy of Direct Commercial Sales to Taiwan: A Case Study of the IDF Jet Fighter

九八二年八月，中共和美國簽署「八一七」公報，限制了美國對台灣軍售的數量與品質。但是，一九八０年代中期以後，美國對台灣進行了大量的軍事技術移轉，使台灣得以製造「經國號」戰機，「成功級」軍艦，與「勇虎號」坦克車。雖然國人對自己製造的武器系統仍然缺乏充分信心，「經國號」戰機在改良之後已成為妥善率最好的機種。美國與台灣的軍售關係也於一九九二年九月，當美國總統布希（George Bush）宣布出售F-16戰機給台灣達到高潮。問題是，在「八一七」公報以後對台灣不利的環境中，美國何以願意對台灣進行軍事技術移轉？本文試圖以「經國號」戰機為個案，分析當時美國決策的背景，並期望由此對美國的未來兩岸政策有所啟發。

In August 1982, the US and the PRC signed the 'August 17 Communique,' imposing both qualitative and quantitative restrictions on US arms sales to Taiwan. Since the mid-1980s, however, the US transferred military technologies to Taiwan on a large scale, enabling Taiwan to indigenously manufacture IDF jet fighters, Perry clas destroyers, and Tiger class main battle tanks. The Taiwan-US military relationship reached a high point when President Bush announced the decision to sell F-16s to Taiwan in September of 1992. Taking the IDF as a case study, this article aims at answering why, after the signing of the 1982 communique, technology transfers to Taiwan were made on such a large scale. The research method employed is one that combines both interviews with retired US government officials Who used to be involved in decision-making for the IDF with documentary analysis.