以數值計算方法解析傳統園林建築之物理環境 ─以板橋林家花園為例

Physical Environment Analysis of Traditional House by Numerical Computational Methods with Particular Reference of Lin Family Mansion and Garden

隨著時代進步與技術革新，現代景觀與建築設計大多以景觀美質作為主要設計原則，較少考量建築與環境之關係，導致對環境之負面影響；反觀傳統園林建築，多考量因地制宜方式布局，以自然通風及採光等設計方法與景觀手段，創造宜居環境，此與環境風水中講求順應自然的概念不謀而合。而過去相關研究大多為質性描述，較少有科學之驗證，故本研究透過計算流體力學（CFD），分析板橋林家花園之戶外物理環境，將整體布局及建物配置進行綜合分析，檢視各空間舒適度與使用者熱感受，並進一步探討與傳統風水原則之關聯性。根據研究結果得知，室外溫度與熱舒適關係於空間位置上具關聯性，將園林配置以區位討論，東側建築空間平均溫度較西側高，符合上午時間之室內活動需求，西側則以戶外活動居多，且因透過植栽及建物配置，下午溫度略低於其他位置；分析南北兩側建築配置，南側配置以房舍為主，北側則較多公共活動空間，舒適度較高；園內主要活動空間之榕蔭大池，夏冬兩季使用者熱舒適度皆較良好，此與文獻記載之活動行為符合。在環境風水方面，園林整體布局與風水概念大致相同，唯受限於地理環境差異、文化發展背景等諸多複雜因素影響，台灣園林造園不像傳統中國園林對於風水布局如此講究，但仍受風水概念影響甚深。

With the advance of science and technology, landscape aesthetic is now considered as the main design principal in most of the modern landscape and architecture designs. The lack of consideration of the relationship between the design and the nature has caused some impacts on the environment. In contrast, most of the traditional mansion and garden designs have taken the natural ventilation and lightning methods into consideration to build a cozy living environment, resonating with the concept of “Feng Shui”. However, the previous related studies mainly focus on the qualitative description with limited scientific verification. Therefore this research has studied the outdoor physical environment of Lin Family Mansion and Garden by utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD).According to the simulation results, outdoor temperature and thermal comfort level are correlated with the building spatial position. The temperature of the buildings on the east side is higher than that of the buildings on the west and, thus, is suitable for indoor activities in the forenoon. While the buildings on the south side mostly serve the living purpose because of the higher comfort level, the spaces for public activities are then generally located on the north side. The Banyan Shade Pond provides a relatively high comfort level in both summer and winter season, which is consistent with the previous records in the literature. Generally, the configuration of Lin Family Mansion and Garden is aligned with the concept of Feng Shui. In spite of the fact that Taiwanese mansions and gardens are limited by the various complex factors such as geographic landscape and the cultural development and thus are less strict in the application of Feng Shui, there is still a high connection between them.