停車政策接受度的心理認知結構及社會困境自覺的調節作用

Psycho-cognitive Structure of Parking Policy Acceptability and Moderating Role of Social Dilemma Awareness

臺灣都市地區的機車與自行車路邊停車現狀，已造成都市景觀的紊亂以及道路和行人交通的危險，亟需有效的停車政策之導入來加以改善。因此，本研究從心理認知之觀點，透過系統隨機抽樣的現地問卷訪談所蒐集之實證資料，探討影響機慢車使用者之「停車政策接受度」的心理認知結構；同時，本研究將停車現狀定位為社會困境問題，考量使用者的「社會困境自覺」之異質性（社會困境鈍感型／敏感型），以揭示不同自覺下的心理認知結構所支持的停車政策類型。研究結果指出，「社會困境鈍感型」使用者對於停車現狀的認知，並不影響其停車決策，在此認知結構下其所接受的政策為「禁止停車與違規取締」；相異地，「社會困境敏感型」使用者對於停車現狀認知愈深，其停車決策考慮程度愈高，繼而正向影響了其對「停車場的增設」、「教育與勸導」的接受度。

The current situation of on-street scooter and bicycle parking in urban areas in Taiwan has led to the destruction of urban landscapes and the risks of road and pedestrian traffic, which need to be improved by effective parking policy intervention. Therefore, this study from a psycho-cognitive perspective, using empirical data collected from the questionnaire interviews with a systematic random sampling in the field, investigated the psycho-cognitive structure of scooter and bicycle users. In addition, locating the current parking situation as the problem of social dilemmas, this study considered the heterogeneity of awareness of social dilemmas across the users (insensible or sensible of social dilemmas) to reveal the types of parking policy supported by the psycho-cognitive structures in the different states of the awareness. The results indicated that, for the users insensible of social dilemmas, their perceived current parking situation did not influence the parking decision-making, in which their accepted policy was prohibition of parking plus crackdown on offenders; and differently that, for the users sensible of social dilemmas, the more understanding of current parking situation they had, the higher degree to which they considered in parking decision-making, in turn positively influencing the acceptability of parking lot addition and education plus persuasion.