1930年代植民地台湾の「癩文學」を読む──雑誌『萬壽果』における本島人の作品を中心に

Reading Leprosy Literature from 1930s Colonial Taiwan: With Special Attention to Works by Taiwanese Writers in the Magazine Manjuka

1930年12月，台灣總督府在台北州新莊郡開設了癩療養所樂生院（今樂生療養院）。1934年10月總督府施行「癩預防法台灣施行相關法令」（「癩予防法臺湾施行ニ関スル法令」），開始強制收容癩病患者，也推行了「無癩州運動」，在台內地人與台灣本島人均成為收容對象。在這樣的背景下，樂生院慰安會在1934年創刊機關誌《萬壽果》，其中刊載了收容的患者所著各式各樣的文學作品，他們在文學表現中寄懷了被逐漸侵蝕的身體、無法回歸的故鄉、對於至親的思念等。其中收錄的作品，除了來自在殖民地罹患癩病在台內地人外，也有台灣人的日語短歌創作。 1930年代後半，北條民雄與明石海人等人的「癩文學」在日本內地文學界獲得注目，但同時罹患相同疾病、在台灣創作的作品則包含了殖民地特有的要素。本文因此將以《萬壽果》雜誌上刊載的作品為中心，閱讀台灣文學界尚未被分析的日本殖民期「癩文學」。

 

In December 1930, Government of Taiwan established the Leprosy Sanatorium Rakuseiin (now Lo-sheng Sanatorium). Afterward, in October 1934, the government enforced “Related Commands of Enforcing Leprosy Prevention Law in Taiwan,” with which all leprosy patients are forced to be housed. Meanwhile, the “no-leprosy movement” asked all patients, Naichijin (Japanese) or Hontojin (Taiwanese), to be housed. With such historical background, the entertainment association of Rakuseiin established the magazine Manjuka, which includes various literary works by Leprosy patients. In these works they depict their body in erosion, their hometown they can never return, and dear family they no longer can meet. The magazine not only includes works by Japanese with leprosy in colonial Taiwan, but some Japanese tanka by Taiwanese patients. In the late 30s, the so-called “Leprosy Literature” by such writers as Tamio Hojo and Kaijin Akashi has gained attention in Japanese literary field. Suffering from the same disease, patients in Taiwan create literary works of leprosy that contain distinct colonial characters. This essay thus attempts to read these texts on Manjuka, investigates these “leprosy literature” in colonial Taiwan that has received little critical attention till now.