「中国」規模の軍隊組織と台湾規模の財政の相克－－国府の「十九項目財政・経済改革措置」での軍事支出制限の明文化に至る米華関係

「中國」規模的軍隊組織與台灣規模的財經之相對關係－－中美關係之中有關國府於「十九點財經改革措施」明文限制軍事支出之經過（Dissension in Taiwan over a 'China-scale' or a 'Taiwan-scale' Military Budget: Relations between the United States and the Republic of China That Led to the Establishment of a Ceiling on Military Expenditure under the 'Nineteen Point Reform Program'）

本文透過歷史研究途徑探討中美關係之中有關1960年1月國民政府於「十九點財經改革措施」明文限制軍費支出之經過。國民政府遷到台灣之後，由於仍保有龐大的軍事組織，因此企圖裁減兵力。但因為財政規劃、「反攻大陸」、有關外省籍士兵的生活保障等問題而遲遲無法推動相關政策。提供龐大援助給國民政府的美國當初並無法限制國民政府刪減軍費。不過1958年10月發表的「蔣介石‧杜勒斯共同聲明」宣布將軍事作為「反攻大陸」的次要手段後，美國因此開始以此施壓國民政府裁減兵力與軍費，這使得陳誠內閣重新推動了相關政策，於「十九點財經改革措施」明文限制了軍費支出。也就是說，因應「反攻大陸」的「中國」規模軍事組織因為台灣規模財政規劃的制度性限制而無法持續發展。

This paper examines relations between U.S. and the Republic of China (Taiwan or ROC) up to the establishment of the 'Nineteen Point Reform Program' in January 1960. Following its defeat in the Chinese Civil War and retreat to Taiwan Island, the Republic of China maintained an excessively large military. Attempts made to reduce military spending were stifled given the continuing policies of 're-conquering the mainland' and maintaining the living standards of those soldiers who had fled to Taiwan. Despite having provided a huge amount of aid to ROC, U.S. was unable to have the regime reduce military expenditure. However, following the release of the Chiang-Dulles Communiqué in 1958 which publicly announced military action as a secondary means of re-conquering the mainland, pressure from the U.S. to cut military spending grew. These demands resurrected the project of cutting troop numbers and reducing military expenditure which had been planned by Ch'en Ch'eng's cabinet and led to a ceiling being placed on ROC's military budget under the 'Nineteen Point Program'. As a result, the 'China-scale' military organization, which had been established so as to 're-conquer the mainland', was constrained to a 'Taiwan- scale' budget.