東日本大震災と日本の再興

東日本大地震與日本再興（The Great East Japan Earthquake and Japan's Reconstruction）

三一一帶來了無法用言語形容的傷害，因為破壞之徹底，很多人燃起復興新日本的夢想。日本到昭和時期為止，復興了因戰爭而徹底破壞的國土，基於「富國和平」的理念實現了經濟大國。之後，在平成的二十年裡，失去了國家目標，新的課題無法有效地對應問題，造成了持續的低迷。低迷的原因之一是，無法超越田中角榮的列島改造論‧中央集權‧公共事業型的政治主張，無法順利轉向為以大平正芳的田園都市國家構想為發端，橋本龍太郎‧小淵惠三‧中川秀直‧川勝平太等提出的重視自然‧農村‧傳統‧文化‧地方‧景觀‧人的「富國有德」的國土再造計畫，此計畫作為國家目標無法得以實現。三一一使東北三縣懷抱了太平—小淵—川勝型建設二十一世紀理想鄉的希望，但震災後已過一年，出現了如復興過程的緩慢、國民的自我中心主義等種種問題。筆者希望能持續關注的，三一一之後，日本是否能以其震驚世界的力量，實現新國家目標的大轉型。

March 11 brought about immeasurable disaster, but as the destruction was so overwhelming, many people thought that it might become an opportunity for the reconstruction of a new Japan. Japan achieved the status of economic giant through the construction of a 'rich and peaceful country' after its total destruction by WWII, but it lost its national objective in the era of Heisei and drifted for 20 years, unable to cope with rising new problems. One of the reasons for this adrift was that Japan could not overcome the shortcomings of Tanaka Kakuei's theory of 'Reconstruction of Japanese Archipelago' with its strong bent to central government, developing Japan through public investment. Another direction emerged led by Ohira Masayoshi with his 'Garden City Concept', inherited by Hashimoto Ryutaro, Obuchi Keizo, Nakagawa Hidenao and Kawakatsu Heita. They all emphasized such factors as nature, countryside, tradition, culture, region, scenery, and human beings but failed to make them as Japan's national objective. March 11 gave some hope to create a dreamland of the 21st century civilization in the three Tohoku prefectures based on Ohira-Obuchi- Kawakatsu type of vision, but in one year's time after the disaster, many problems emerged such as delay in reconstruction work or egocentric behaviors of the population. It is not clear whether Japan would achieve any fundamental change in establishing a new national objective based on its inherent people's power which astonished the world after March 11.