明代正德朝政爭考述：以王瓊與楊廷和交惡為中心

A Study on the Political Conflicts in Zhengde Period of the Ming Dynasty: Focusing on the Deterioration of the Relations between Wang Qiong and Yang Tinghe

政治人物關係向來是考察政局演變的重要內容，明代正德時期兵部尚書王瓊與內閣大學士楊廷和的關係演變，是考察明中期部、閣權力消長的重要契機。王、楊由於仕途經歷、政治利益等差異，兩人矛盾日趨尖銳。明武宗崩猝後，楊廷和秉政，極力排擠王瓊。世宗即位之初，王瓊被下獄戍邊。嘉靖初年王、楊政治地位的變化，不僅是政治鬥爭的結果，更是明代正德、嘉靖之際內閣權力提升的重要階段。以楊廷和為首的內閣把持朝政，干預六部事務，造成大臣之間權力傾軋局面，而正德、嘉靖之際王瓊、楊廷和兩人的關係變化，充分體現這一現象。需要指出的是，嘉靖初王陽明仕途波折與王、楊交惡亦有重要關係。目前學界對王、楊有不少研究，但主要側重探討雙方的政治仕途及其事功，對兩人的政治關係演變及其內在原因的探討不多。本文綜合明實錄以及相關文集，深入考察兩人政治關係演變及其實質，由此管窺明中期政局、人事狀況。

 

The relationship between political figures has always been an important part of examining the evolution of political situation. For example, The evolution of relationship between Wang Qiong and Yang Tinghe, the minister of military and the grand secretary of the grand secretariat, is an important opportunity to investigate the growth and decline of the power of the Ministry and the Cabinet in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Because of official career experience, political interests and other differences, there is sharp contradiction between Wang and Yang. After Emperor Wuzong’s death, Yang Tinghe presided over government affairs and rejected strongly Wang Qiong. Soon after Shizong came to power, Wang Qiong was punished to defend the border. The change of political status of Wang and Yang in the early years of Jiajing was not only the result of political struggle, but also an important period for the promotion of cabinet power during Zhengde and Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. The Cabinet, headed by Yang Tinghe, controlled the government and intervened six Ministries,Causing a power struggle between official ministers. The change in the relationship between Wang Qiong and Yang Tinghe fully reflected this phenomenon. It should be pointed out that Wang Yangming’s tortuous career in early Jiajing period has an important relationship with Wang and Yang’ struggle. At present, scholars have a lot of researches on Wang Qiong and Yang Tinghe, but mainly focus on the political career and achievements, not much about the evolution of political relations and its internal reasons between them.This paper synthesizes the Ming Veritable Records and related works, probes into the evolution and essence of the political relationship between Wang and Yang, so as to have a restricted view to the political situation and personnel relations of the middle period of Ming Dynasty.